Biological Sciences

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RNA processing, mRNA export, and translation pathway with RNA polymerase II.

Illustration of RNA processing and mRNA export showing RNA polymerase II transcribing mRNA, interactions with Npl3, TAP/Nxt1, and Sky1 proteins, and the movement of mRNA through the nuclear pore complex for translation.

This illustration provides a detailed view of the RNA processing and export pathway, emphasizing the roles of RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), Npl3, and other key proteins in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The diagram demonstrates how RNA is transcribed by RNA pol II and tagged with a poly-A tail for stabilization. Npl3 binds to the newly formed RNA, and through interactions with the TAP/Nxt1 export complex, the mRNA is transported through the nuclear pore complex (NPC).

Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA is prepared for translation, and the phosphorylated Npl3 protein is re-imported into the nucleus by the importin complex. Proteins such as Sky1 kinase regulate Npl3’s phosphorylation, influencing RNA transport efficiency. The step-by-step depiction of export, import, and translation highlights the molecular coordination involved in gene expression regulation.

This scientifically accurate illustration is ideal for use in molecular biology textbooks, genomics journals, educational e-books, and research articles on topics such as RNA transcription, mRNA export, and gene expression regulation.

We can provide sample images or create custom illustrations tailored to your projects. If you are looking for an illustration of this type, or from another subject area, you can contact us to discuss your needs.

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