Calculus

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Normal vectors to a hollow solid.

3D diagram of a hollow solid with normal vectors extending from its outer surface and inward from the cavity wall, labeled with boundaries ∂M and ∂N, and centered at (0,0,0)(0,0,0).

This diagram shows normal vectors acting on a hollow solid structure in 3D space, providing a visual demonstration of the normal forces on the boundary of an internal cavity and the external surface. The normal vectors extend from its outer surface and inward from the cavity wall, labeled with boundaries ∂M and ∂N, and centered at (0,0,0).

This illustration is useful for calculus, physics, engineering, and fluid dynamics textbooks.

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