Mitochondrial protein import pathways with TOM and TIM complexes.

This detailed illustration explains the protein import pathways into mitochondria, highlighting the role of the TOM and TIM complexes in transporting proteins across the mitochondrial membranes. It shows three distinct pathways: (A) the stop-transfer sequence pathway, where proteins are partially inserted into the inner membrane; (B) the Oxa1-targeting pathway, where proteins are imported into the matrix and later inserted into the inner membrane; and (C) the internal targeting sequence pathway, where proteins are transported via the Tim22 complex to the inner membrane.

This diagram provides insight into mitochondrial protein targeting and membrane transport mechanisms, making it ideal for molecular biology textbooks, biochemistry journals, and educational content focused on intracellular transport and mitochondrial biology.

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