Lytic cycle of T4 bacteriophage infecting E. coli with DNA replication and release.

This illustration details the lytic cycle of a T4 bacteriophage, showing how the virus infects an E. coli bacterium and hijacks its cellular machinery for replication. The cycle begins with the bacteriophage attaching to the host cell and injecting its viral DNA. Inside the bacterium, early viral proteins shut down host processes, and late proteins facilitate viral replication. As new virions assemble, the host cell undergoes lysis, releasing numerous bacteriophages.

This diagram is ideal for microbiology textbooks, virology journals, educational e-books, or articles focused on bacteriophages, viral replication, and host-virus interactions.

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